coal contour surface strip mining mine

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Open-pit Mining, Opencast Mining, Open-cut Mining, Strip Mining, Mining ...

Contour mining is associated with coal. This bed of coal is located at an elevation in a mountain range or any other hilly area. It is a method of strip or surface mining. It is also referred to as Bench mining. The coal is extracted from a mountainous area where it is not possible to extract the entire seam using mountain top removal mining.

Alpha's Marfork Coal unit seeks West Virginia mine permits

The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection said in a May 11 public notice the Marfork Coal Co. unit of Alpha Natural Resources (NYSE: ANR) is seeking an Article 11/West Virginia National Pollutant Discharge Elimination water permit for a new strip mine in Raleigh County.. The water permit is needed "in order to open and operate a proposed coal surface mine (SMA S301709-Hazy ...

Coal mining - Citizendium

Remediation of a strip mine could involve removal of waste materials, restoring the original slope of the land, securing the restored contour from erosion, and replanting or reseeding of vegetation. Drift mines may be dug horizontally into a mountain after strip mining has used up surface coal.

Environmental Protection in Surface Mining of Coal - US EPA

Block-cut method: Controlled placement of spoil, steps ht 5, and 6. Auger Mining Auger mining (Figure 5*0 is usually associated with contour strip mining. It is common practice to recover additional tonnage after the coal/overburden ratio has become too small to render further contour strip mining economical.

NATURAL RESOURCES CODE TITLE 4. MINES AND MINING CHAPTER 134 ... - Texas

TITLE 4. MINES AND MINING CHAPTER 134. TEXAS SURFACE COAL MINING AND RECLAMATION ACT SUBCHAPTER A. GENERAL PROVISIONS Sec.A134.001.AASHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as the Texas Surface Coal Mining and Reclamation Act. Added by Acts 1995, 74th Leg., ch. 76, Sec. 12.02(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1995. Sec.A134.002.AAFINDINGS AND DECLARATION OF ...

coal mining Flashcards and Study Sets | Quizlet

COAL MINING 002: Goaf means (in-situ rock, caved roof material. COAL MINING 003: Where the microenvironment is located in a lo. COAL MINING 004: It is one of the high extraction methods of m.

Opencast Coal Mines

It includes related expressions such as pits, surface mines, open pits and strip mines. Mines means any excavation in the earth, made for the purpose of searching for a winning any mineral, and any where a mineral deposit is being worked. opencast mining system can be categorized into 3 basic types. Removal block of mineral over the surface

Reclamation Costs of strip-mined land in Western North Dakota

of mine conditions. The effects on reclamation cost of different physical characteris tics of coal mines and requirements of the Federal Surface Mining Control and Recla mation Act of 1977 were also examined. The cost of reclamation under the condi tions assumed was $6,500 per mined acre. The federal legislation would add an

Economic analysis of coal mining costs for underground and strip mining ...

@article{osti_5656998, title = {Economic analysis of coal mining costs for underground and strip mining operation}, author = {Katell, S.}, abstractNote = {Engineering economic studies have been completed and the detailed analyses are included. The first three studies are representative of room and pillar, continuous miner operations in a 72-inch coal seam located 700 to 800 feet below the surface.

Schissler AP (2004) 485-494 Coal Mining, Design and Methods of

removal, and reclamation. The three surface mining methods are contour stripping, area stripping, and strip mining. 2.1 Contour Stripping Coal seams and associated overburden can outcrop on the edges of hills and mountains. Figure 3 shows a cross-section of a typical contour mine plan. Contour surface mining takes advantage of the low strip ratio

The Federal Strip Mining Act: Environmental Protection Comes to the ...

Wise County was the site of the first strip coal mine in the state. However, strip mining did not have a significant impact on coal ... is the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977, Pub. L. No. 95-87, 91 Stat. 516 ... contour mining has been performed by pushing Comm. on Governmental Operations, 95th Cong., 1st Sess. 1 (1977). ...

Obama Ends 150-Year War of Strip-Mining in 24 States! | Grist

Sure, the EPA blocked the largest mountaintop removal permit in West Virginia last week—70-odd permits still remain in limbo, as 3 millions pounds of ANFO explode daily in WV and KY. And the 150 ...

Different Methods of Mining Coal - Going offshore

Among them, Surface mining method is applied for producing coal of about nearly 40% in the world. The coal deposits are found on the surface of the earth and make the mining easier for the coal-miners. The various types of coal mining are contour, mountaintop removal and strip mining. Strip mining is adopted in areas, which has leveled landscape.

Surface Mine Permits Open As of 8/1/2022

justice highwall mining, inc. no.2 contour & auger s00401301b 4609239 mcdowell 2 ... shane coal company surface mine s00300619 4609480 mcdowell 2 ... skyway strip, inc. skyway ii mine s00400909 4606609 mcdowell 2 skyway strip, inc. skyway iii mine s00301912 4609480 mcdowell 2 south fork coal co., llc blue knob surface s00300511 4609448 ...

Coal mining | Health24

Strip mining: Strip mining, also called contour or area mining, is a type of surface mining wherein the overburden is removed from the coal deposit in roughly rectangular strips that vary in size depending on the size of the mining operation. ... which is characterized by large surface mines. Mining in this region increased slightly from 2006 ...

Surface mining - strip, open pit, mountaintop removal, dredging

The main mineral extracted by this method is coal. Coal is mined by removing the land above the seams. This method of coal mining is mainly conducted on the Appalachia Mountain in the United States. The coal cannot be mined using simple machines. Explosives are used to mine the coal and the excess coals are dumped in the nearby valley.

Surface Coal Mining Operations Law and Legal Definition

According to 30 USCS § 1291 (28), the term surface coal mining operations means--. " (A) activities conducted on the surface of lands in connection with a surface coal mine or subject to the requirements of section 516 [30 USCS § 1266] surface operations and surface impacts incident to an underground coal mine, the products of which enter ...

Strip Mining in Flourishing Egypt Valley | Al Jazeera America

However, much of the state's and nature's hard work is now at risk, ever since July, when the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR) granted the Oxford Mining Co. a permit to strip-mine coal there. The company plans to mine underneath 741 acres for coal and to surface-mine 200 acres.

Coal mining - Wikipedia

Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production.

7.3.2: Contour Mining | ABC 123: Testing Site / Course

Mountaintop removal is another submethod of contour mining where a flat lying coal seam occurs near a mountain top and outcrops on opposite sides of a hill. When the overburden is sufficiently thin (less than 165 feet) across the hill, the deposit can be mined from outcrop to outcrop. In this method the hill is completely removed and the spoil ...

(PDF) Mining Methods: Part I-Surface mining - ResearchGate

T ypical example s of this type of mining are the larger tonna ge coal mining operations in Mpumulanga. Favour able conditions are: Relatively thin overburden (0- 50 m maximu m otherwise stripping ...

Black Thunder Coal Mine - Wikipedia

The Black Thunder Coal Mine is a surface coal mine in the U.S. state of Wyoming, located in the Powder River Basin which contains one of the largest deposits of coal in the world. Black Thunder is the second most productive mine in the United States, providing the US with 8% of its coal supply. In 2007, the mine produced 86,196,275 short tons (78.2 million metric tonnes) of coal, nearly 20% of ...

Section 1513.01 - Ohio Revised Code | Ohio Laws

Section 1513.01. |. Coal surface mining definitions. (A) "Approximate original contour" means that surface configuration achieved by backfilling and grading of a mined area so that the reclaimed area, including any terracing or access roads, closely resembles the general surface configuration of the land prior to mining and blends into and ...

Top 5 Environmental Impacts of Strip Mining 2022 - Environment Go!

1 day agoContour Mining The Appalachian region of North America, where coal seams protrude from the sides of hills or mountains, is essentially the only place where the contour approach is applied. Cuttings are made on the slope or angle where the coal seam is located during contour mining, first removing the overburden and subsequently the coal itself.

Auger Mining - MiningInfo - Google

Auger mining is a method for recovering coal by boring into a coal seam at the base of strata exposed by excavation. Normally one of the lowest-cost techniques of mining, it is limited to horizontal or slightly pitched seams that have been exposed by geologic erosion. Augering is usually associated with contour strip-mining, recovering coal for ...

Pros and Cons of Strip Mining | APECSEC

The Pros of Strip Mining. 1. High Recovery Rate. Other forms of mining do not guarantee the same rate of return as strip mining does. Materials are recovered at a rate of up to 90 percent during strip mining, which is a much higher recovery rate than most forms of mining can promise. Tunnel mining, for instance, only offers users a potential ...

What Are The Three Types Of Surface Mining? | Eriered Cross

They all are on the surface. • there are two main types of mining. Surface mining, also called strip mining, delivers economically vital supplies of coal, which powers transportation and creates consumer products, boosting local economies. (i) open pit mining, (ii) drift mining, (iii) slope mining, (iv) contour mining, and (v) auger mining.

STRIP MINE STUDY FAVORS CONTROLS - The New York Times

Mar 11, 1973This so‐called contour method of strip mining on mountainsides, the report said, has left 20,000 miles of sinuous strip mine scars on the flanks of the Appalachians in eight states. Abolishing ...

Strip Mining | Encyclopedia

However, the most common association of strip mining is with coal. The examples of decimated land in Appalachia have motivated calls for prevention, or at least major efforts at reclamation. Strip mining for coal comprises well over half of the land that is strip-mined, which totaled less that 0.3% of land in the United States between 1930 and ...

(PDF) Surface Coal Mining Methods in Australia

U.S. and Australian mines rely on both diesel and electrically powered equipment including draglines/cable shovels to remove overburden and coal [39, 42]. Indonesian surface mining, on the other ...

How to Restore a Million Acres of Strip-Mined Land? Bring in the Elk

A sign on the gated road into the property reads, "Dominion Coal Company, Mine #10." It's from an earlier mining operation, with underground mines burrowing deep into the earth. More recently, Paramont Coal Co. removed the mountaintop to get at the coal beneath the surface, leaving behind a flat terrain covered in grass, scrub, and pine.

Strip Mining: Methods of Control by the Three Levels of Government

Strip mines also do not subject their workers to "black lung" disease as do underground mines. Id. 5. Donley, Some Observations on the Law of the Strip-Mining of Coal, 11. RocKY MT. MINERAL . L. INSTITUTE . 123, 124 (1966) [hereinafter cited as Donley]. Strip mining produces large percentage recoveries because the coal is scooped

Strip Mining: A Destructive Way of Coal Extraction

This is because by definition the process of strip mining involves striping away trees, plants and topsoil so that the coal can be accessed underneath. This means that surface mining destroys mountain tops, landscapes, forests and wildlife habitats. On top of that, it leads to soil erosion and destruction of agricultural land.

Coal mining - Blogger

Huge mining machines support the roof with hydraulics as it removes coal. Once coal is removed, the machine retreats allowing the roof to fall behind it. Long wall mines extract much more of the coal than room & pillar mines. Strip mining is used when coal is near the surface or when the overburden is unstable.

Contour mining Definition | Law Insider

Examples of Contour mining in a sentence. Contour mining" means a method of surface coal mining that involves making an initial mining cut along the contour of a hillside to the maximum highwall height and then making subsequent cuts along the same contour, placing spoil in the preceding cut where the coal has been removed.. Contour mining allows for the partial removal of the coal seam at the ...

Surface Mining | PDF | Surface Mining | Mining - Scribd

Strip mining : Strip mining is a kind of surface mining. The ore is very near to the surface of the land but has one or more layers of rock and filth on top of it. To mine the ore, these layers have to be removed. Mountaintop removal : Commonly associated with coal mining, which involves taking the top of a mountain off to reach ore deposits at ...

Coal Contour Surface "Strip" Mining - Mine Engineer.Com

Contour mining allows for the extraction of coal from mountainous areas, where it is not feasible to extract the entire seam, using mountain top removal mining. Contour mining allows for the partial removal of the coal seam at the elevation of the coal seam. Quite often, contour mining is utilized in more than one location on the same mountain.

Mining 101 - West Virginia Coal Association

Mining 101. August 30, 2012. The Basics. There are four basic types of coal: Lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and anthracite. Lignite is the lowest rank of coal with the lowest energy content. Lignite is crumbly and has high moisture content. Lignite accounts for about 7% of U.S. coal production.

strip mining | Britannica

The common strip-mining techniques are classified as area mining or contour mining on the basis of the deposit geometry and type. The cycle of operations for both techniques consists of vegetation clearing, soil removal, drilling and blasting of overburden (if needed), stripping, removal of the coal or other mineral commodity, and reclamation.

Surface mining methods - energy.en-academic

Auger mining recovers coal through the use of a large diameter drill driven into a coalbed in the side of a surface mine pit. It usually follows contour surface mining, particularly when the overburden is too costly to excavate. Area mining.