secondary fragmentation in mining

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Characterisation of Block Cave Mining Secondary Fragmentation

iii) Secondary Fragmentation: fragmentation that occurs as the blocks move down through the ore column to the drawpoints. The main goal of this thesis is to attempt to establish a relationship between in-situ fragmentation and secondary fragmentation. This is achieved by: i) Measuring secondary fragmentation observed at the drawpoints.

Cave Mining | US Minneapolis - Itasca Consulting Group, Inc.

Mining. Cave Mining. Caving is applied to increasingly deep, large, strong, and heterogeneous ore bodies. This increases the risk of stranded reserves in overhangs, potential for cave stall and air-blast, infrastructure rehabilitation or loss, and large-scale caving-induced subsidence. Geomechanical analyses are therefore critical to understand ...

Optimization of Drilling and Blasting by Empirical Modelling ...

The primary purpose of blasting is to fragment rock, and there are significant rewards for delivering a fragmentation size range that is not only well suited to the mining system it feeds, but also minimizes unsaleable fractions and enhances the value of what can be sold. The outcome of blasting operations is determined by a number of indices or parameters, which can be either controllable or ...

Cave Management and Secondary Breaking Practices at Palabora Mining ...

western sector which has a much courser fragmentation compared to the other two sectors and only 25% from the central sector with the finest fragmentation. The main constraint during the ramp up stage has been secondary breaking of drawpoint blockages. Ground-breaking secondary breaking and cave management initiatives and

The Effect of Drilling and Blasting Performance on Fragmentation in a ...

Small-scale mining operations are characterised by a large variety of equipment availability and a high level of operational flexibility. Mine planning is usually scarce or absent in small quarries in Brazil, and mine management generally focuses on daily operations. As a result, analysis of the effects of unit operations, such as blasting, over the whole mining process is often neglected.

Identification of Secondary Metabolites from Aspergillus pachycristatus ...

Aspergillus pachycristatus is an industrially important fungus for the production of the antifungal echinocandin B and is closely related to model organism A. nidulans.Its secondary metabolism is largely unknown except for the production of echinocandin B and sterigmatocystin. We constructed mutants for three genes that regulate secondary metabolism in A. pachycristatus NRRL 11440, and ...

A hybrid approach to predict hang-up frequency in real scale block cave ...

Dec 1, 2021In-situ, primary and secondary ore fragmentations are the most significant factors on the performance of block cave mining. Then an assessment of fragmentation can be helpful to foresee some of the most important potential difficulties such as hang-ups frequency and migration of fine particles at draw points ( Chen, 2000 ).

Stockhouse

Nippon Dragon exploits the toughest geology; wasted gold ounces found in pillars and structures, that would be damaged with conventional blasting, can be surgically removed with Thermal Fragmentation. Nippon Dragon Resources Inc. (TSX-V: NIP) (OTCQB: RCCMF) (Frankfurt...

Characterization of Rock Mass Fragmentation for Cave Mining

In the current paper, an in-situ fragmentation model is generated for an operational block cave mine using Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) models. Major structures were included in the model in a deterministic manner and the spatial variability of fracture intensity was analysed to generate a geostatistical block model.

Controlling fragmentation - Orica Mining Services

Mining has some defining features that differentiate it from other 'production process' industries. Four key features that define the mining industry are: 1. Process volatility 2. Asset scale 3. Energy intensity 4. Fragmentation for product value Process volatility If we consider a 'production train' consisting of

Prediction of Fragmentation in Block Cave Mine Design submitted

In the block cave mining method, the assessment of in-situ and secondary fragmentation is an integral part of the design of the excavations at the extraction level and the selection of material handling systems for transporting the ore to the processing stations. This information can also be used for evaluating the

Influence of Block Strength and Veining on Secondary Fragmentation ...

The degree of secondary fragmentation achieved involves many variables related to the mechanical properties of the rock blocks as well as different operational factors. With respect to the block properties, the presence of planes of weakness in the form of veining and non-persistent joints is a topic of special interest given the significant ...

(PDF) Mining and Fragmentation: Proposal for a More Efficient Mine ...

Mining and Fragmentation: Proposal for a More Efficient Mine Management. Gestion Blast Consult. Ivan Carrasco Martiañez. Benjamin Cebrian. ... Related Papers. Blast fragmentation for maximizing the SAG mill throughput at Porgera Goldmine. By Alex Jankovic and S. Kanchibotla. Exploring the effect of blast design on SAG mill throughput at KCGM ...

Blast Optimization and Ore Fragmentation Modeling

It is clear that the relationship between fragmentation and costs varies strongly from mine to mine. However, there are some consequences that must be taken into account, when one consider a change in the fragmentation of blasted rock in an underground mine. A better fragmentation means: More drilling and blasting is required

Molecular genetic mining of the Aspergillus secondary metabolome ...

Molecular genetic mining of the Aspergillus secondary metabolome: ... 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral data, and MS/MS fragmentation of emericellamides, can be found with this article free of charge via the internet. NIHMS56867-supplement-01.pdf (3.2M) ... Secondary metabolites are a rich source of medically useful compounds. The recent sequencing of ...

(PDF) ROCK BLASTING FOR MINING - ResearchGate

The basic objective of this report is to highlight the principles and practices adopted in rock blasting operations for mining sectors. The aspects concentrated in this report are: a) Purpose and...

A Comminution Model for Secondary Fragmentation Assessment for Block ...

Secondary fragmentation, which occurs after primary fragmentation, is related to the movement of the fragmented rocks toward the drawpoints (Brown 2004 ).

PREDICTING FRAGMENTATION CHARACTERISTICS I - University of Arizona

readily are the most amenable to mining by block caving. Deposits such as porphyry copper, disseminated molybdenum, hematite, kimberlite, and limestone have been successfully mined by block caving. If an orebody is suitable for mining by block caving, the fragmentation characteristics will have a bearing on the method of ore extraction.

Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts of Sulfide Mining: Scope of Issues for ...

Large-scale metal mining operations are planned or underway in many locations across the boreal forest biome in North America, Europe, and Asia. Although many published analyses of mining impacts on water quality in boreal landscapes are available, there is little guidance regarding terrestrial impacts. Scoping of potential impacts of Cu-Ni exploration and mining in sulfide ores are presented ...

Fragmentation | Article about fragmentation by The Free Dictionary

fragmentation[‚frag·mən′tā·shən] (computer science) The tendency of files in disk storage to be divided up into many small areas scattered around the disk. (cell and molecular biology) Amitotic division; a type of asexual reproduction. (mining engineering) The blasting of coal, ore, or rock into pieces small enough to load, handle, and ...

Evidence of the impacts of metal mining and the effectiveness of mining ...

Beyond the mines themselves, infrastructure built to support mining activities, such as roads, ports, railway tracks, and power lines, can affect migratory routes of animals and increase habitat fragmentation [9, 10]. Mining can also have positive and negative impacts on humans and societies.

Improve Fragmentation Flow and Ore Recovery - Orica

Whichever our customers' needs are, be it improved fragmentation, reduced dilution, expanded patterns or reduced oversize; we have the solution. As part of our Hypercharge™ Performance service, we will work with you to deliver on your needs and priorities such as pre-conditioning blasting, ore to specification, dilution control and mass blasting.

Terrestrial Ecosystem Impacts of Sulﬁde Mining: Scope of Issues for the ...

The secondary footprint comprises adjacent areas a ected through mining activities and changes in the landscape that can propagate ecological changes for various distances away from the primary footprint (Figure1). This includes such items as fragmentation and changes in forest type within the

Rock Fragmentation by Blasting - Orica Mining Services

The fragmentation of rock is fundamental to mining. It is the first preparatory stage in the extraction process - making rock small enough and loose enough to be efficiently excavated. But this simple statement underestimates how important this activity is for the whole mining operation. By optimising rock fragmentation by blasting, you can ...

SQL SERVER - Fragmentation - SQL Authority with Pinal Dave

Reducing Fragmentation in an Index: There are three choices for reducing fragmentation, and we can choose one according to the percentage of fragmentation: If avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 5% and < 30%, then use ALTER INDEX REORGANIZE: This statement is replacement for DBCC INDEXDEFRAG to reorder the leaf level pages of the index in a logical ...

Block Caving: Mining Specialization | E & MJ

The orebody geometry, mining geometry, material fragmentation and flow, economics and mining history, and sequencing can all have an effect, as can the impact of dilution from various sources. ... secondary breaking and crusher design appear to have assumed materially finer fragmentation than is currently being achieved or was projected," the ...

Analysis of Blast Fragmentation Using WipFrag - IJISRT

mining. Fragmentation of the quarries or rock is a result of blasting operations and that is said to be optimum if it contains maximum percentage in desired range of size [2]. ... and the decision is taken whether to go for secondary blasting or to change the parameters to optimize the rock fragmentation. This is a subjective assessment method and

Australian Centre for Geomechanics | Conference Paper: A discrete ...

Direct modelling of secondary fragmentation related to mining-induced stress and comminution of caved material in the broken ore column poses significant challenges as large-scale discrete modelling (including fracturing) of processes requiring a centimetre-scale mesh discretisation becomes computationally prohibitive. To obviate this problem ...

Company A-Z - Mining Technology

Supply of Primary and Secondary Metals for Mining Applications. READ MORE. Form. Mobile Tools for Safe and Efficient Mining Operations. READ MORE. Fowlerex Technologies. Air Pollution Control. READ MORE. ... Electric Mining Shovels, Draglines, Blast Hole Drills and Other Surface Mobile Mining Equipment Parts and Services. READ MORE.

Optimize Fragmentation with ShovelCam - Global Mining Review

Optimize Fragmentation with ShovelCam. Blasting is the first and lowest cost per ton stage in the comminution value chain. The basic principle that effective blast design can optimize fragmentation from the Run of Mine (ROM) ore muck pile to improve productivity through digging, loading, and crushing to grinding and increase mine site profits ...

thermal fragmentation Archives - International Mining

Nippon Dragon Resources says it is using its thermal fragmentation technology on the Talus vein at its Rocmec 1 gold mine, in Quebec, Canada. In a progress report this week, Nippon Dragon said thermal fragmentation operations had begun on the Talus vein - "probably a secondary sub parallel branch structure to the McDowell vein", the company says - where grades range from .03-61.58 g/t ...

Exploring Microbial Secondary Metabolites Through Genome Mining

EXPLORING MICROBIAL SECONDARY METABOLITES THROUGH GENOME MINING by Daniel H. Kwak Bachelor of Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 2011 Master of Science, University of Pittsburgh, 2015 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Mining and biodiversity: key issues and research needs in conservation ...

2. The many ways mining activities impact biodiversity. Mining affects biodiversity at multiple spatial scales (site, landscape, regional and global) through direct (i.e. mineral extraction) and indirect processes (via industries supporting mining operations, and external stakeholders who gain access to biodiversity-rich areas as the result of mining).

Drilling and Blasting of Rocks | Lopez Jimeno Carlos, Lopez Jimeno Emi

Rock breakage with explosives has existed since the seventeenth century when black powder came into use in mining. Since then it has progressed from the. ... there have been numerous technical contributions which have brought a better understanding of rock fragmentation with explosives, an improvement in drilling equipment and a noticeable ...

Experimental Study on Fragmentation Behavior of Specimen with ... - Hindawi

1 School of Mining and Geomatics Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China. 2 School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, ... the peak strength of the specimen is larger and the probability of secondary fragmentation is greatly increased. Therefore, the specimens with a large number of rockbolts are severely ...

Freezing Fragmentation - Explosive Origins of "Secondary" Ice and Snow

Brookhaven Lab atmospheric scientists Andrew Vogelmann, Edward Luke, Fan Yang, and Pavlos Kollias explored the origins of secondary ice — and snow. Credit: Brookhaven National Laboratory. "ARM has pioneered the use of short-wavelength cloud radars since the 1990s to better understand clouds' microphysical processes and how those affect ...

BEST PRACTICES IN DRILL AND BLAST - IQPC Corporate

Furthermore, achieving optimal fragmentation distributions to satisfy plant requirements plays an important role. A mine can be set up in one of two ways; either the plant is set up to accept whatever fragmentation the blasting group produces, or the plant dictates to the mining teams the fragmentation distribution they will accept.

Blog: Three reasons why your primary crusher feed contains ... - MINING.COM

However, mining operations frequently have issues related to the primary crusher: low throughput, low utilization and high wear rate of liners. Changes in fragmentation and breakage ...

NONEL INITIATION FOR ECO-FRIENDLY BLASTING - TRO India

blasting arising from the mining operation is one of the fundamental problems in the mining industry. Rock fragmentation also plays a pivotal role in large scale mining because of its direct effect on cost of drilling, blasting, secondary blasting, crushing and there-by affecting the overall cost of production. The research investigates the

Mining-induced deforestation in Indonesia - fineprint

The graph reveals that a trunk highway is located in close proximity to the mine and a secondary highway at about 5 km distance. Furthermore, there is a primary highway located around 30 km away from the site, while there is no motorway closer than approximately 300 km. Deforestation rates generally tend to be highest in areas close to the mine and in the case of secondary highways, the area ...